PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) is a common hormonal disorder that affects women. It can cause a variety of symptoms including irregular or missed menstrual periods, excess hair growth on the face and body, weight gain, acne, and patches of thick, darkened skin. The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but it often runs in families. Experts believe it results from an imbalance of reproductive hormones in the body, particularly insulin and androgens. Insulin resistance may also play a key role. Some key facts about PCOS:
- It affects up to 10% of women of childbearing age.
- The symptoms often start around the time of the first menstrual period, but can develop at any age.
- Women with PCOS frequently have difficulty getting pregnant (infertility).
- There's no cure yet, but symptoms can be managed through lifestyle changes and medications.
- Irregular periods: Women may have fewer than 9 periods a year, have no periods, or have irregular and unpredictable timing between cycles.
- Excess androgen levels: High levels of androgens can cause acne, excessive hair growth on the face and body, and thinning scalp hair.
- Polycystic ovaries: The ovaries develop many small cysts along the outer edges that can be seen on an ultrasound exam.
- Obesity: Up to 80% of women with PCOS are overweight or obese. Experts think weight gain exacerbates PCOS symptoms.
- Losing weight
- Eating healthy
- Exercising regularly
- Reducing stress