Hormone decline refers to the gradual decrease in hormone levels that occurs as people age. Some of the key hormones that decline include:
- Estrogen: A group of female sex hormones that peak during the reproductive years and decline sharply during perimenopause and menopause. Low estrogen levels can lead to hot flashes, vaginal dryness, bone loss, and more.
- Testosterone: The primary male sex hormone that peaks in the 20s and then starts to gradually fall by about 1% per year after age 30. Low testosterone can cause low energy, reduced muscle mass, low libido, and erectile dysfunction.
- Growth hormone: This hormone stimulates growth and cell reproduction and helps to maintain muscle and bone mass. Growth hormone levels fall significantly from around age 30 onward. Declining levels may contribute to weight gain, loss of bone density, and loss of muscle mass sometimes associated with aging.
- Changes within the endocrine system itself - the glands that secrete hormones start to shrink and become less efficient with age. For example, estrogen is primarily produced in the ovaries, which generally stop functioning after menopause.
- Lifestyle factors like poor diet, lack of exercise, obesity, and chronic stress can accelerate hormone decline. These negative impacts affect the endocrine system and hormone-producing glands.